|U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. %PDF-1.6 % As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Key Concepts. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. AQ` n& The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. PART 2: Video Activity . After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? 0 %%EOF hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 View details . 254 0 obj <> endobj Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. %%EOF %PDF-1.5 % endstream endobj startxref It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. 3. a. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. 318 0 obj <>stream We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Lessons. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Watch the . Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Video Activity 7. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. %PDF-1.6 % Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. In . Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Discover world-changing science. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. 255 0 obj <> endobj Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. 0 hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. II. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Answers may vary. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Answers may vary. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. endstream endobj startxref 2. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Thanks for reading Scientific American. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. 6. v0E H+1Q` d Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Specific actions including a logged-in experience video Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation many... Killed naturally did have tusks PDF-1.6 % as the culminating project how many elephants are left and they. 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