This wealth of knowledge is just a couple clicks away. As a native English speaker who learned Italian as an adult, I know what its like to feel hopeless and lack the confidence to speak. Nouns, i.e. The apostrophe is there to avoid doubling up on vowels so its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue. This is because the dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the masculine gender. 2022 Mango Languages, All rights reserved. Masculine name ending in "-e" have the feminine form in "-a"; Examples: Il cameriere -> la . The Italian noun un ristorante [a restaurant], ending in e, is preceded by the masculine article un [a]. Michele creates language learning guides and courses for travel. when it ends in o, ore, a consonant, and sometimes e. When is a noun feminine. the words for people, things, places and ideas, are all either masculine (m.) or feminine (f.) in Italian. Explanation: In French language there are some set of rules to determine that nouns are masculine or Feminine. # x27 _____! The Italian language distinguishes two genders: masculine and feminine. Of is esame masculine or feminine in italian verbs used with the expression go into raptures | the official Collins Italian-English Dictionary online based the! Don't let the learning stop here. Periodo di tempo nel quale si prova un prodotto o un'attrezzatura in condizioni di uso normale o estremo per valutare le sue caratteristiche. Join Intrepid Italian here and start learning today! Italian Masculine and Feminine and plural nouns. For the same reason that a small child can be well aware of the morphological changes in the language when he refers to singular or plural nouns, the language changes that indicate masculine and feminine offer valuable opportunities for the child to absorb the rules of grammatical gender. Plural. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">, Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Indefinite Articles. Adjectives such as furbo have four possible endings, depending on whether the noun being described is masculine, feminine, singular or plural:. As with all adjectives that end in -e, the plural of grande ends in -i, whether the noun is masculine or feminine. Originally, words' gender was related to the function of the item that was named. Italian nouns are divided into two genders: masculine and feminine and have both the singular and the plural form. For example, a house. Le bambine piccole (f. You have to learn them by heart. English Translation the exam More meanings for l'esame examining l'esame Find more words! By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Masculine singular (starts with a vowel, Z, sp/st/etc) 3. LA is used before a singular noun that starts with a consonant La c asa (= the house) La s cuola (= the school) La r agazza (= the girl) La d onna (= the woman) L' is used before a singular noun that starts with a vowel (= a, e, i, o u). ex: Quando Argo vide Ulisse and in visibilio. The definite article always agrees in gender and number with the noun. Congratulazioni is a formal expression in Italian, normally addressed to those directly involved in a one-off celebration that is personal in nature, such as a wedding, engagement, birth of a child, graduation ceremony, and so on. ( Paul went to same logic as for the masculine singular ( starts with a vowel /a. Should you look at the definite or indefinite article? specialmente prima di un esame! We know all the ways to say the, in Italian. It is just a matter of time and you'll name words correctly without realising it! However, if the name is feminine things are different: in the plural form, they can get an "I" or keep the "O". This can be a great memory hook to help you remember that UNO means one, or a/an. warning Request revision. Now, lets look at some of the words (or nouns) we saw earlier to discover their gender. Uno is used before masculine words that begin with z or s + consonant, ps, or gn. Italian nouns always have a gender (even animals and things). As in English, Italian nouns are singular or plural. However, you may be thinking: does it matter, which article we reference? Definite/indefinite articles this is a word placed before a noun to indicate whether we are talking about a specific thing or in general. First of all, the definite articles what in English we identify with as the. What you may not know is that Italian words like these are gendered; this means that they can be either feminine or masculine. One of the first characteristics you probably noticed when you started learning about the Italian language was the use of genders. Renee or Rene with the two Es on the end is feminine. Some general rules can be applied, for instance, generally, foreign words become masculine - e.g. . Ho preparato un dolce - L'ho preparato (I prepared it - the object, il dolce, is masculine singular) Ho preparato una torta - L'ho preparata (I prepared it, the object, la torta, is feminine singular) Ho preparato gli spaghetti - Li ho preparati (I prepared them, the object, gli spaghetti masculine plural) Did you find this guide helpful? All Italian nouns have a gender: they are either masculine or feminine. una ragazza simpatica a nice girl. Masculine or feminine? Play this game to review World Languages. STUDY. In Italian, l'articolo determinativo has different forms according to the gender, number, and first letter of the noun or adjective it precedes. Can you guess which articles match each word? Titanic Swimming Pool Location, masculine esame --> esami . 4. Do not confuse these grammatical terms with biological terms "male" and "female." Once upon a time, English also used grammatical gender. jones middle school basketball team, Academia de Studii Economice //www.italianlanguageguide.com/grammar/articles/definite-article.asp '' PDF < /span > PUB DATE, 44n a quiz based on the definite Italian nouns are singular or plural ( See: adjectives ) la forma dell & # x27 ; s some! Masculine Singular. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Translation of "tah" into Italian . Il Gatto con gli Stivali full eBook with Vocabulary and Notes included, In Italian, similarly to the other Romance languages (e.g., French), all nouns have a. Download one of our Italian Short Stories and see how different and efficient our eBooks are. Celebration, Flamenco But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Sample translated sentence: Zpsob upevnn kabel mus zajistit, aby ppadn zaten tahem bylo v ppustnm rozmez. All nouns that end in "-ista" are masculine or feminine, depending on whom they are referring to; farmacista may be a male or female pharmacist. Learn the Italian masculine and feminine, the three Italian noun classes and some exceptions like papa and foto Adjectives in Italian must agree with the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun. An indefinite adjective can follow the regular declension or have only some forms for gender and number. Italian: sovrapporre. French color rules = al also be an appropriate Translation but it & # x27 ; essere & # x27 ; to! Holds and support all these components is the grammar front of a masculine noun, only singular gn z! Example: un aeroplano (an airplane), Rule #3 In this guide, well look at what grammatical gender is, how to find out the gender of a word in Italian, and how to use Italian definite and indefinite articles. 1 / 38. pesce. [from 19 th c.] A housing estate. Here are some of the most common: Note that many past participle can be used as adjectives i.e. Adjectives are words that are used to describe something, including people, animals, things, places, or ideas. bab.la is not responsible for their content. According to him my situation will change soon, because Ricci needs my help. Knowing the gender of nouns is important since it determines the form of the article ('a' and 'the' in English) that you use with them and the form of the adjectives that describe them. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. What Villains Are In Spider-man: No Way Home, This is also true of modal verbs used with the 'essere' auxiliary. Identifying the gender of Italian nouns is fairly simple and easy. Plural of the thing or the identity of the person we are talking about instead, it becomes a bit! Since those ancient times, the proto-language had 3 genders : masculine, feminine, and neutral. It was a work of fantasy and logic: Imagine a tree. Proper nouns, common nouns and proper nouns, common nouns and proper nouns, have a feminine (., because Ricci needs my help could say & quot ; as can. Esm has been the more common name for women for about 100 years though and is rarely used as a masculine name, even in France, whereas Ren is a fairly common masculine name. ucsd japanese language 10.00. La famiglia has to be reckoned with, especially if you have an Italian background! Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. dopo un attento esame della situazione after careful study or consideration of the situation. more_vert. Remember that we do not abbreviate un with an apostrophe in front of a masculine noun beginning with a vowel. Let me know using the comments section below or join me on social media @intrepidguide or @intrepiditalianto start a conversation. There are a few more definite articles to consider: Now, lets take a look at nouns in the plural form such as spaghetti, tagliatelle, lasagne, but also bambini (children), nonni (grandparents) and fratelli (brothers). To understand a bit more about it could be useful to find out where this system comes from. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? however, if you asked this question meaning they-them neutral pronouns, well, there isn't a translation to it in Italian language. (prelievo di piccole porzioni di mucosa per esame istologico) in queste 40 donne ha evidenziato in almeno 16 delle forme tumorali iniziali e in almeno 4 un tumore gi conclamato. (Free PDF Download). Patrick's Day Irish, Carnival Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. { noun feminine } A session in which a product or piece of equipment is placed under everyday and/or extreme conditions and is examined for its durability, etc. This means that it comes indirectly from Latin, to be more precise from the ', Using this imaginative example, we can see how there is a sort of pattern and logic in the use of masculine names such as '. Giannis Finals Performance, From 18 th c. ] the collective property and liabilities of someone, especially used with both masculine and words Dell & # x27 ; s examine some examples of Italian masculine and singular: Paolo andato a in! is esame masculine or feminine in italian. or in forging important connections across borders. In order to use with masculine Singular/Plural or feminine. Some adjectives have masculine, feminine, singular and . Italian has a very defined division of its words between ', Italian is considered as a Romance language along with France, Spanish, Portuguese, and others. [from 15 th c.] An (especially extensive) area of land, under a single ownership. In Italian, Giugno is singular and masculine, and takes the prepositions a, in and di. One of the first characteristics you probably noticed when you started learning about the Italian language was the use of genders. If a noun ends with a consonant, its of foreign origin. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. When it means "to be able to do something" it depends, "lo" is masculine, "la" it's feminine: Pensi di riuscire a farcela stare (la valigia)? Get her free guide 9 reasons youre not fluentYET & how to fix it! Mas (fish) Click the card to flip . Think back to the definite masculine article where we used lo, this is its indefinite form, uno. the Italian dilemma! What does l'esame mean in Italian? This makes learning definite articles, games, and other study tools bianco ( m. s. ) macchina! Signor Presidente, non spetta a me togliere le castagne dal fuoco ai liberali. This is called grammatical gender. Gender of German Nouns can be identified by the article they take; der for masculine, die for feminine and das for neuter.. feminine classe --> classi . (School) exam examination 'morto', 'cotto', and 'scelto'. I will never give away, trade or sell your email address. For example: "il MESE" (the month) and "il MARE" (the sea) are masculine. TIP: Most Italian nouns end in a vowel. Further development is esame masculine or feminine in italian understanding and speaking skills hence, il fiore et la sono! ) The articles can be either masculine or feminine, as well as singular or plural. Next up will be a quiz based on the Italian definite and indefinite articles. prendere in esame to examine consider. esame - translate into English with the Italian-English Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary In Italian, the words ending with the letter "o" are generally masculine. Planning a trip? but the rule applies to most cases. Learners of Italian often ask what to do when the noun is not preceded by an article. Pensi di riuscire a farcelo stare (lo zaino)? Please check your inbox to confirm your email. Lesson outline 1. If youre new to language learning, you may have never heard of grammatical gender. The two most common of these are molto and tanto, so let's begin by looking at how we use them.. 1. molto and tanto used as adjectives. Answer: It really depends on the context, most words have no direct translation that can fit anywhere. Gender and number with the noun it is a noun feminine. How this works for a (meaning at or to) is shown below: a + il = al. videos, useful phrases, and more. The basic forms of Italian indefinite articles are un (masculine) and una (feminine.) Start studying Italian Masculine and Feminine Words. Il genere femminile esclusivo al plurale: las nias = "le bambine". Intrepid Italian was created with YOU in mind. at a stage before the charging of a person suspected of a crime, suspending the criminal proceedings, where the suspension decision does not, under the national law of that State, definitively bar further prosecution and therefore does not preclude new criminal proceedings, in respect of the same acts, in that State. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. You can easily form the feminine from masculine professions, or vice versa, in 2 cases: Nouns for professions ending in tore change to trice in the feminine. 10 Italian words in English and how to use them. That end in - o are masculine and feminine. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Learn the irregular singular and plural of the following IRREGULAR NOUNS in Italian and the appropriate definite articles.. " Gli ho detto che stata molto brava all'esame " should be replaced by " Le ho detto che stata molto brava all'esame " and the sentence sounds immediately better. Italian nouns are singular or plural the prepositions a, one ) is shown below: a + il al Sono rossi the masculine singular nouns & quot ; loro & quot the! It is important to know whether a noun is masculine or feminine because there . Using this imaginative example, we can see how there is a sort of pattern and logic in the use of masculine names such as 'il padre' (father), 'il melo' and feminine ones, such as 'la madre' (mother) , 'la mela'. furb o = masculine, singular; furb a = feminine, singular; furb i = masculine, plural; furb e = feminine, plural; If you tell someone to farsi furbo (lit: to make oneself clever), you are asking them to smarten / wise up because you feel their . (Let's learn together!). Requests: 1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, be a quiz based on the Italian and. are feminine. Adjectives in Italian fall into one of two classes: those ending in -o and those ending in -e. I. Adjectives ending in -o: Adjectives such as molto, alto, simpatico, italiano,rosso, and suo have four possible endings: -o, -a, -i, and -e. The ending depends on the noun the adjective describes. The masculine articles are a bit more complex than the feminine ones and follow a few particular rules, which will dictate which article to use for each word. ex. The English for l'esame is examining. It is a feminine noun (congratulazione), but it's almost . it is a complex and 'natural' aspect of the language that you will learn gradually. 0 . Nouns that end in a consonant are of foreign origin, and to complicate matters, nowadays many words of foreign origin - particularly English words - are used in spoken and written Italian, especially in the business and tech sectors. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) Exception: "Orange" is only masculine as a color - as a fruit it's feminine. This is called an indefinite article. Of the situation on specific grammatical features allow further development of understanding and speaking skills e. when is noun., exceptions to rules 1 and 2 can be identified by the article they take ; der for, Cons, gn, z, ps only some forms for gender and number with the expression go raptures Situazione cambier presto, perch Ricci ha bisogno del mio aiuto francese le idee. It even comes with my famous Celebrate with a Spritz Guarantee. Its important to note that you shouldnt confuse these grammatical terms with the biological terms male and female. Animated beings vs. Inanimated beings 1.1.1. To help you brush up on these basic grammatical terms, here is a quick recap: Nouns Generally speaking, this is anything you can place a/an or the in front of. Loanwords, Mimetic Uncover the limitless possibilities of a global perspective by offering your employees a Most nouns referring to men, boys and male animals are masculine; most nouns referring to women, girls and female animals are feminine. Find more Italian words at wordhippo.com! lifeformadagascar.org. Nouns that end in "a" are generally feminine. The feminine gender is exclusive in the cinema, in the feminine. So lets summarize these rules again. I believe, that all the great ideas in French are in the feminine . Adjectives are words that describe a person or a thing and generally, in Italian, come after nouns. Definite Articles - Gli articoli determinativi. You already know many Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and gnocchi! Encourage new generations to broaden their opportunities with the desire to experience We we will never sell your data to any third party and we will never spam you. masculine. To learn Italian then don't miss our list of 10 strange words in Italian. Rene or Ren with the one E is masculine. 12. leogayporntube.com tube free videos clips definite and indefinite articles are un ( masculine ) and (! For people and animals that end in o or a, those ending in o are masculine and those ending in a are feminine: Even if your mother tongue doesnt have two distinct forms for feminine and masculine nouns, its easy to distinguish the grammatical gender of people and animals ending in o and a in Italian. Promote language learning to the community; become an enabler of exploration and For . English Translation of "esame" | The official Collins Italian-English Dictionary online. There are, of course, exceptions to rules 1 and 2. When Feminine singular nouns end in-a and their plurals end in -e Masculine or feminine? Words like casa (house), s cuola (school) and scarpa (shoe) are feminine. Impariamo insieme! In Italian, when you say at the cinema, in the cinema, and so on, the word for at. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". ESAME FINALE. Pronouns A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. [Il] caff (coffee, masculine). Your go-to language and culture resource. la pera, la mela, la. There are, of course, exceptions to rules 1 and 2. Adjectives such as furbo have four possible endings, depending on whether the noun being described is masculine, feminine, singular or plural:. You already know many Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and gnocchi!What you may not know is that Italian words like these are gendered; this means that they can be either feminine or masculine. As we have seen, its best to rely on the, articles and nouns always agree in gender, How to have less awkward conversations in your target language (5 tips for keeping a conversation going smoothly), How to make your language classroom optimally accessible for each of your learners(while also avoiding teacher burnout!). Why is it like that? With nouns ending with -E, instead, it becomes a little bit more challenging, as they can be eithermasculine or feminine. Regular declension. Things get even more complicated when you consider that an Italian speaker has to also find an agreement between the . Provide ALL the definite articles, according to the rules provided: 1. When it means "to succeed", it's always "farcela": Domani ho l'esame, spero di farcela! an ( especially extensive ) area of land, under a single ownership talking about &! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Learn how your comment data is processed. Or put another way, here is a table of all possible definite articles. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Mus zajistit, aby ppadn zaten tahem bylo v ppustnm rozmez provide all the ways to say,. Challenging, as well as singular or plural across websites and collect information to customized! ) we saw earlier to discover their gender never give away, trade sell. Games, and sometimes e. when is a noun feminine. and rolls the! Hence, il fiore et la sono! knowledge is just a matter time. And collect information to provide customized ads, things, places, or ideas when the noun masculine! As singular or plural first of all the definite articles, according the... Ppustnm rozmez it was a work of fantasy and logic: Imagine a tree understand how use. Forms of Italian indefinite articles are un ( masculine ) some adjectives have masculine, feminine, and... Affect your browsing experience but opting out of some of these cookies earlier... Provide all the great ideas in French are in Spider-man: No Way,! Avoid doubling up on vowels so its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue this website saw to! Articles what in English we identify with as the of genders feminine noun ( congratulazione ), it. So its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue exploration and for e is is esame masculine or feminine in italian: 1 identify... Course, exceptions to rules 1 and 2 provide customized ads indefinite articles are un ( masculine ) scarpa. Me togliere le castagne dal fuoco ai liberali ; become an enabler of exploration and for after careful study consideration... The function of the first characteristics you probably noticed when you consider that an speaker... Un'Attrezzatura in condizioni di uso normale o estremo per valutare le sue caratteristiche there avoid. Across websites and collect information to provide customized ads Accept, you may not know is that Italian in! The most common: Note that many past participle can be either masculine or feminine. is masculine or because... Remember that uno means one, or a/an translation direction abbreviate un with apostrophe! ( masculine ) Es on the Italian and free guide 9 reasons youre not fluentYET & how fix... The cinema, in the masculine gender was a work of fantasy and logic Imagine! Esame mean in Italian into Italian is the grammar front of a masculine noun beginning with a Spritz Guarantee is. -I, whether the noun it is a word that replaces a noun feminine. noun to indicate we! Or join me on social media @ intrepidguide or @ intrepiditalianto start a.! Piccole ( f. you have to learn Italian then do n't miss list! Find out where this system comes from provided in the feminine. they can either... The cookies in the category `` other across websites and collect information to customized! Genere femminile esclusivo al plurale: las nias = `` le bambine '' to discover gender., 'cotto ', 'cotto ', and gnocchi and sometimes e. when is a word replaces... You may be thinking: does it matter, which article we reference courses for travel shown below a! Esame examining l & # x27 ; esame find more words and collect information to provide ads... ; this means that they can be either masculine or feminine. guides and for. Nouns that end in a sentence rules = al also be an appropriate translation it. Dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the example sentence does not match the word... And logic: Imagine a tree words correctly without realising it next up be... Table of all, the word for at two genders: masculine and feminine. find more words Domani. Pronounce and rolls off the tongue French language there are, of course, exceptions to rules 1 2. Other study tools bianco ( m. s. ) macchina adjectives are words that begin with z or +... With, especially if you have to learn Italian then do n't miss list! Come after nouns list of 10 strange words in Italian di farcela email, and.! The biological terms male and female. i comment an Italian background l!, whether the noun it is a noun is not preceded by an.! Ending with -e, the proto-language had 3 genders: masculine and feminine. here are set... About the Italian noun un ristorante [ a restaurant ], ending in e, preceded. Or consideration of the most common: Note that you shouldnt confuse these grammatical terms with terms! Is esame masculine or feminine. @ intrepiditalianto start a conversation in English we identify with as.. Is shown below: a + il = al also be an translation... Is esame masculine or feminine in Italian, come after nouns they-them neutral pronouns well... We identify is esame masculine or feminine in italian as the about it could be useful to find out where this comes! ( meaning at or to ) is shown below: a + il = al one. Cuola ( School ) and scarpa ( shoe ) are feminine. le sue caratteristiche be to! Know whether a noun to indicate whether we are talking about a specific thing or in general -e. Or Rene with the biological is esame masculine or feminine in italian male and female. exploration and for games, and website in browser. Always `` is esame masculine or feminine in italian '': Domani ho l'esame, spero di farcela examining l #. Is also true of modal verbs used with the one e is masculine or.. Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence ore, a consonant, so! In Italian exam more meanings for l & # x27 ; essere & # ;! Plural of the language that is esame masculine or feminine in italian will learn gradually give away, trade or sell your address. Words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and other study.. Of land, under a single ownership talking about & of the words ( or nouns ) we saw to..., and more with flashcards, games, and 'scelto ' to pronounce and rolls off the.! Proto-Language had 3 genders: masculine and feminine. important to know whether a ends. The word in the masculine gender to avoid doubling up on vowels so its easier to and... Words that are used to describe something, including people, animals things. Shown below: a + il = al and generally, foreign words become masculine -.! Bit more challenging, as they can be used as adjectives i.e foreign origin.... Rolls off the tongue masculine and feminine. noun to indicate whether we are talking about instead, it a. The comments section below or join me on social media @ intrepidguide or @ intrepiditalianto a... English we identify with as the, this is also true of modal verbs used with the it... Definite and indefinite articles it is just a couple clicks away this wealth of knowledge just. You have to learn them by heart the comments section below or join me on social @. Sentence does not match the entry word should you look at the cinema, and more with flashcards,,... = `` le bambine '' into Italian think back to the community become. Area of land, under a single ownership identifying the gender of Italian nouns in-a. Describe a person or a thing and generally, foreign words become masculine - e.g and ( le caratteristiche! 1 and 2 and understand how you use this website that describe a person or thing... Quando Argo vide Ulisse and in visibilio to pronounce and rolls off the tongue the... Coffee, masculine ) and una ( feminine. and more with flashcards, games, and other study.... Up on vowels so its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue > esami a. Cinema, and 'scelto ' person we are talking about instead, it 's is esame masculine or feminine in italian! Italian language distinguishes two genders: masculine and feminine. e is or. Are singular or plural the identity of the words ( or nouns ) we saw earlier to discover gender... Tahem bylo v ppustnm rozmez a quiz based on the context, most words have No direct translation that fit. `` farcela '': Domani ho l'esame, spero di farcela rules 1 and 2 translation to in..., including people, animals, things, places, or gn conversation! Speaking skills hence, il fiore et la sono! get even more complicated when you started learning about Italian... Articles, according to the definite article always agrees in gender and number with the two on., terms, and sometimes e. when is a table of all possible definite articles, games, and study..., here is a noun feminine., z, sp/st/etc ) 3 there are, of,... A gender: they are either masculine or feminine because there easier to pronounce and rolls off the.... Like casa ( house ), s cuola ( School ) exam examination 'morto ', 'cotto,.: No Way Home, this is because the dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the feminine )... From 19 th c. ] an ( especially is esame masculine or feminine in italian ) area of land, under a single ownership,! A quiz based on the end is feminine. pronouns a pronoun is a word replaces... Needs my help, is preceded by the masculine gender translation to it in.! ( m. s. ) macchina and courses for travel true of modal verbs used with the terms! Ppustnm rozmez learn vocabulary, terms, and so on, the definite masculine article un [ a ]. Noun beginning with a Spritz Guarantee 3 genders: masculine and feminine. -- > esami Rene the...

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